數理統計幾率論次序統計量(Order Statistics)次序統計量(Order Statistics) X1,⋯ ,Xn∼iidX_1,\cdots,X_n\overset{\text{iid}}{\sim}X1,⋯,Xn∼iid pdf f(x)f(x)f(x) ⟹ \implies⟹ order stat X(1)≤X(2)≤⋯≤X(n)X_{(1)}\le X_{(2)}\le\cdots\le X_{(n)}X(1)≤X(2)≤⋯≤X(n) not indep Goal: find pdf of X(k)X_{(k)}X(k) fX(n)(x)=n⋅f(x)⋅F(x)n−1f_{X_{(n)}}(x)=n\cdot f(x)\cdot F(x)^{n-1}fX(n)(x)=n⋅f(x)⋅F(x)n−1 fX(1)(x)=n⋅f(x)⋅(1−F(x))n−1f_{X_{(1)}}(x)=n\cdot f(x)\cdot (1-F(x))^{n-1}fX(1)(x)=n⋅f(x)⋅(1−F(x))n−1 fX(k)(x)=n!(k−1)!(n−k)!f(x)⋅F(x)k−1⋅(1−F(x))n−kf_{X_{(k)}}(x)=\frac{n!}{(k-1)!(n-k)!}f(x)\cdot F(x)^{k-1}\cdot(1-F(x))^{n-k}fX(k)(x)=(k−1)!(n−k)!n!f(x)⋅F(x)k−1⋅(1−F(x))n−k 以上公示可以解釋為四個部分: n!(k−1)!(n